A ceiling fan requires a neutral wire (white), a ground wire (green), a hot wire for the fan (black), and on fans with light kits a hot wire for the lights (blue). These examples will assume that a lighting kit is going to be used, but if it is not terminations to the blue wire are not required and the circuit is greatly simplified.
A ceiling fan can basically be wired in one of few different configurations. Power could be wired directly to the fan, always having the fan hot. The incoming hot feed would connect to both the black and blue wire. This would allow control of the fan and lights via the pull strings.
The ceiling fan and light can also be wired through switches. When a single switch is used to connect to the ceiling fan and light the ceiling fan (black) and light (blue) would both be connected to the switched black wire. In this configuration turning the switch on would power both the light and ceiling fan. In order to turn just one off, the pull strings would have to be used. The problem with this approach, is that when the pull strings have been used to turn the light or ceiling fan off, turning the switch back on will not work until the pull string is pulled again.
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